For rejuvenation, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and erbium lasers are used, the radiation of which is absorbed mainly by water. They differ from each other in wavelength and degree of energy absorption, which determines the technology of the procedure. CO-2 devices are used for ablative rejuvenation, and erbium ones - for non-ablative ones.
With ablative rejuvenation, the laser beam acts not only on the deep layers of the skin, but also on the superficial ones. With non-ablative: the laser penetrates deep into the tissue, but does not damage the skin surface. This is possible thanks to the different wavelengths of the lasers, as well as the fact that the epidermis contains less water (10-15%) than the deep layers of the skin (70-75%).
Carbon dioxide lasers have the longest wavelength of any medical laser available at 10, 600 nm. These rays are very well absorbed by water, so they also react with the small amount of water contained in the epidermis. Therefore, ablative techniques are performed with the help of such lasers, capable of affecting the surface layer of the skin.
The wavelengths of the erbium laser range from 1064 to 2940 nm. The clinics use the Palomar Lux 1540 laser, the wavelength of which is 1540 nm and the depth of penetration into the tissues is up to 2 mm. These rays are less absorbed by water and therefore pass through the epidermis without damaging it. The action of the laser starts already in the deep layers, where there are enough water molecules to interact with the beam. Palomar Lux 1540 is used for fractional photothermolysis.
Why is laser rejuvenation a safe and effective procedure?
Modern CO2 and erbium lasers act fractionally, e. g. the beam is divided into micro beams in the shape of a grid. Due to this, only 20% of the surface is damaged and the recovery process is started on the entire volume of the skin. This effect minimizes the possibility of heat damage, unpleasant consequences in the form of scars and scars, and also increases the rate of tissue repair.
As a result of the action of the laser, a coagulation column is formed, in the case of ablative technology - open, non-ablative - closed. These columns are located at some distance from each other due to the fractional action. The cells around the coagulation zone undergo a thermal shock, which activates the metabolic processes and the production of new cells. Thanks to this, a lifting effect is achieved, the skin is rejuvenated.
Who is ablative rejuvenation suitable for?
Ablative rejuvenation is a highly effective method to solve problems such as superficial wrinkles, pigmentation and decreased elasticity and firmness of the skin.
The laser works mainly in the upper layers of the dermis, it does not penetrate deeply, but affects the surface layer. Thanks to this, the skin is renewed throughout the depth of penetration of the beam (up to 1 mm) and the obvious correction of surface imperfections. To achieve a good effect, only 1 procedure is required. The recovery period after the procedure is 5-7 days.
Ablative rejuvenation, in particular DOT therapy, is indicated for those who want to obtain a quick result with a minimum period of rehabilitation.
For whom is non-ablative rejuvenation suitable?
Non-ablative rejuvenation is also one of the most effective techniques for eliminating wrinkles, lifting skin, rejuvenating, improving skin quality, treating pigmentation and other skin imperfections.
Laser operation only in the deep layers leads to the fact that the rehabilitation period after the procedure is practically absent and is only 2-3 days. A greater number of procedures will be required to achieve a result similar to ablative rejuvenation, usually 3-4. Due to the deeper penetration, a complete restructuring of the tissues occurs, which gives a noticeable lifting effect.
Non-ablative rejuvenation, especially fractional photothermolysis, is suitable for those who wish to achieve an appreciable result without intensive exposure and a rehabilitation period.